Nuclear structure
Nuclear Structure
The nuclear structure refers to the arrangement of protons and neutrons (collectively known as nucleons) within an atomic nucleus. The study of nuclear structure is a key component of nuclear physics, a branch of physics that deals with the constituents, structure, behavior and interactions of atomic nuclei.
Composition of the Nucleus
The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, which are held together by the nuclear force. This is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and is significantly stronger than the electromagnetic force, but it has a much shorter range.
Protons
Protons are positively charged particles found within the nucleus. The number of protons in a nucleus determines the atomic number of an atom, which in turn determines the chemical element of the atom.
Neutrons
Neutrons are particles found within the nucleus that carry no net electric charge. The number of neutrons in a nucleus determines the isotope of an atom.
Nuclear Models
Several models have been proposed to explain the structure of the nucleus, including the liquid drop model, the nuclear shell model, and the collective model.
Liquid Drop Model
The liquid drop model is a model that describes the nucleus as a drop of incompressible nuclear fluid. This model is able to explain many experimental results related to nuclear binding energy.
Nuclear Shell Model
The nuclear shell model is a model that describes the nucleus as a series of closed shells and subshells of nucleons. This model is able to explain the distribution of isotopes observed in nature.
Collective Model
The collective model is a model that describes the nucleus as a collective motion of protons and neutrons. This model is able to explain the high spin states of certain nuclei.
See Also
References
Nuclear Binding Energies vs Liquid Drop Model
Nuclear Structure Live Chart
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