Non-immune hydrops fetalis

Non-immune hydrops fetalis (pronunciation: non-im-yoon hy-drops fe-ta-lis) is a serious fetal condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including the abdominal cavity, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and skin edema.

Etymology

The term "hydrops fetalis" is derived from the Greek words "hydrops" (meaning "water") and "fetalis" (meaning "fetal"). The prefix "non-immune" indicates that the condition is not caused by an immune response, distinguishing it from immune hydrops fetalis, which is caused by Rh disease.

Causes

Non-immune hydrops fetalis can be caused by a variety of genetic and non-genetic conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, infections, and tumors. It is not associated with maternal antibodies, unlike immune hydrops fetalis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of non-immune hydrops fetalis may include polyhydramnios, fetal anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and cardiac failure. The condition can also lead to stillbirth if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of non-immune hydrops fetalis typically involves ultrasound imaging to detect fluid accumulation in the fetus. Additional tests may be performed to determine the underlying cause of the condition, such as karyotyping for chromosomal abnormalities and amniocentesis for infections.

Treatment

Treatment for non-immune hydrops fetalis depends on the underlying cause and may include intrauterine transfusion for fetal anemia, drainage of excess fluid, and medication for cardiac failure. In severe cases, premature delivery may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for non-immune hydrops fetalis varies depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. With prompt and appropriate treatment, some fetuses can survive and develop normally.

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Non-immune hydrops fetalis