DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA Damage (Naturally Occurring)
DNA damage (naturally occurring) refers to the alterations in the DNA structure that occur naturally due to various internal and external factors. These changes can affect the DNA molecule's ability to carry out its functions, including gene expression and DNA replication.
Pronunciation
- DNA: /diː.eɪ.nə/
- Damage: /ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/
Etymology
The term "DNA" is an acronym for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, coined in the mid-20th century from the chemical components of the molecule: deoxyribose (a type of sugar) and nucleic acid (a type of biomolecule). The term "damage" comes from the Old French domage, meaning harm or injury.
Types of DNA Damage
There are several types of naturally occurring DNA damage:
- Oxidative Stress: This occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects.
- Hydrolysis: This is a chemical reaction in which water molecules break down other molecules, including DNA.
- Alkylation: This is a process by which an alkyl group is transferred from one molecule to another. In the context of DNA, it can lead to mutations.
Related Terms
- Mutation: A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Cellular Senescence: The state in which normal cells lose the ability to divide, usually in response to DNA damage.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA damage (naturally occurring)
- Wikipedia's article - DNA damage (naturally occurring)
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