Nitrite
Nitrite
Nitrite (pronounced /ˈnaɪtraɪt/) is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NO2−. It is one of several nitrogen oxoanions, which are compounds with a nitrogen atom surrounded by oxygen atoms.
Etymology
The term "nitrite" comes from the French word "nitrite", which was derived from the Greek word "nitron", meaning "native soda", and the suffix "-ite", used in chemistry to denote a lower oxidation state.
Chemistry
Nitrites are salts or esters of nitrous acid. They are typically produced by the oxidation of ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Nitrites are used in a variety of applications, including food preservation, fertilizers, and in the production of nitric acid.
Medical Significance
In medicine, nitrites are used as vasodilators, substances that widen (dilate) blood vessels. They are used to treat conditions such as angina and heart failure. Nitrites are also used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, as they can induce methemoglobinemia, a condition in which the iron in the blood changes form and can bind to cyanide, rendering it harmless.
Related Terms
- Nitrate: A similar compound with one more oxygen atom.
- Nitric Oxide: A gaseous compound with one less oxygen atom.
- Nitrogen Cycle: The process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms, including nitrites.
- Methemoglobinemia: A condition induced by nitrites to treat cyanide poisoning.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nitrite
- Wikipedia's article - Nitrite
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