Nipple adenoma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Nipple adenoma
Nipple adenoma under low magnification
Synonyms	Florid papillomatosis of the nipple
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Dermatology, Oncology
Symptoms	Nipple discharge, nipple retraction, palpable mass
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically in middle-aged women
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Breast cancer
Diagnosis	Biopsy, histopathology
Differential diagnosis	Intraductal papilloma, Paget's disease of the breast, breast cancer
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical excision
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Excellent with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Nipple adenoma is a rare benign breast tumor that originates in the milk ducts near or in the nipple. Also known as erosive adenomatosis of the nipple, this condition can mimic the more serious Paget's disease of the breast, making accurate diagnosis crucial. Nipple adenoma can affect individuals of any age but is most commonly diagnosed in adults.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of nipple adenoma is a lump in or around the nipple area. Other symptoms may include:

• Pain or tenderness in the nipple
• Discharge from the nipple, which may be clear, bloody, or another color
• Changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as inversion or an eczema-like rash
• Swelling or a palpable mass in the nipple area

Causes

The exact cause of nipple adenoma is not well understood. It is believed to result from abnormal growth of the milk ducts beneath the nipple. Unlike breast cancer, nipple adenoma is not thought to be linked to genetic factors.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of nipple adenoma involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy. Imaging tests may include a mammogram or ultrasound to assess the structure of the lump and its relation to surrounding tissues. A biopsy, where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope, is essential for confirming the diagnosis and ruling out malignant conditions such as breast cancer or Paget's disease.

Treatment

Treatment for nipple adenoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. This is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia. Complete excision is important to prevent recurrence and to alleviate symptoms. In some cases, depending on the size and location of the adenoma, nipple reconstruction may be necessary post-surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with nipple adenoma is excellent, as it is a benign condition. However, regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence or the development of other breast conditions.

Prevention

There are no specific measures to prevent nipple adenoma due to its unclear etiology. Regular breast examinations and mammography as recommended by healthcare providers can aid in early detection of nipple adenoma and other breast conditions.

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