Neurotrophin
Neurotrophin
Neurotrophin (/nʊəˈrɒtrəfɪn/), also known as nerve growth factor, is a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.
Etymology
The term "neurotrophin" is derived from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "trophin" meaning nourishment.
Function
Neurotrophins belong to a class of growth factors, secreted proteins that can signal particular cells to survive, differentiate, or grow. Growth factors such as neurotrophins that promote the survival of neurons are known as neurotrophic factors. Neurotrophins are chemicals that help to stimulate and control neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons.
Types of Neurotrophins
There are four types of neurotrophins found in mammals:
- Nerve growth factor (NGF)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
- Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)
- Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4)
Role in Disease
Alterations in the function of neurotrophins are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders, such as depression.
See Also
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