Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pronounced as /ˈbreɪn dɪˈraɪvd ˌnʊərəʊˈtrɒfɪk ˈfæktər/, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical nerve growth factor. Neurotrophic factors are found in the brain and the periphery.
Etymology
The term "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor" is derived from its discovery in the brain, its role in promoting the survival of neurons (neuro-), and its growth-promoting (trophic) effects.
Function
BDNF is a vital part of the nervous system and plays a significant role in neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons. It is also involved in neuronal plasticity, which is the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experience. BDNF is active in the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain—areas vital to learning, memory, and higher thinking.
Clinical significance
BDNF has been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. It is also involved in conditions such as Rett syndrome, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
Related terms
- Neurotrophin
- Neurogenesis
- Neuronal plasticity
- Hippocampus
- Cortex
- Basal forebrain
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Alzheimer's disease
- Rett syndrome
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinson's disease
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