Nervous
Nervous System
The Nervous System (pronunciation: /ˈnɜːrvəs ˈsɪstəm/) is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body's electrical wiring and is fundamental to everything the body does.
Etymology
The term "nervous" comes from the Latin word "nervus" meaning "sinew, nerve" and the term "system" comes from the Latin word "systema" meaning "an organized whole".
Structure
The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all other neural elements.
Function
The nervous system controls both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to different parts of the body. The nervous system can be categorized into its various functions: sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The basic unit of the nervous system, neurons transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
- Neurotransmitter: Chemicals used by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.
- Synapse: The junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
- Glia: Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain and peripheral nervous system.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nervous
- Wikipedia's article - Nervous
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