NCX

NCX or Sodium-calcium exchanger is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na+) ions by allowing Na+ to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca2+). This exchanger is considered one of the most important cellular mechanisms for the removal of Ca2+.

Function

The primary function of the NCX is to maintain intracellular homeostasis of Ca2+. It does this by removing Ca2+ from the cell, which is crucial for preventing the toxic effects of Ca2+ overload. The NCX has a particularly important role in heart cells, where it helps to regulate the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.

Structure

The NCX is a large protein with nine transmembrane segments. The protein is organized into two main domains: the transmembrane domain, which is responsible for ion transport, and the regulatory domain, which controls the activity of the exchanger.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function or expression of the NCX can lead to a variety of diseases, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and certain neurological disorders. Therefore, the NCX is considered a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.

See also

• Electrochemical gradient
• Calcium in biology
• Heart failure
• Arrhythmia
• Neurological disorder

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