Mushrooms
Mushrooms (ˈmʌʃruːm, -rʊm)
Mushrooms, also known as fungi, are a group of spore-bearing organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. They are classified as a separate kingdom, distinct from plants and animals.
Etymology
The word "mushroom" is derived from the French word mousseron, meaning moss. It was first used in English as a term for fungus in the early 15th century.
Classification
Mushrooms are classified into various species based on their physical characteristics and genetic makeup. Some of the common types of mushrooms include:
- Agaricus: This genus includes the common white or button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus.
- Amanita: This genus includes both edible and poisonous species, including the deadly Amanita phalloides, commonly known as the death cap.
- Boletus: This genus includes the edible Boletus edulis, also known as the penny bun or porcino.
- Psilocybe: This genus includes species that contain the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin.
Uses
Mushrooms have various uses, including as food, in traditional and modern medicines, and as psychoactive substances. Some species of mushrooms are also used in industrial applications, such as the production of enzymes, antibiotics, and other chemicals.
Related Terms
- Mycology: The scientific study of fungi, including mushrooms.
- Spore: A unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavorable conditions.
- Mycelium: The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).
- Fruiting body: The spore-producing organ of a fungus, often seen as a mushroom or toadstool.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mushrooms
- Wikipedia's article - Mushrooms
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