Reflex arc

A Reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most reflex actions are controlled via this pathway. The reflex arc allows an immediate and automatic response to a stimulus, which is essential for survival. The reflex arc comprises five components: the sensory receptor, the sensory neuron, the interneuron, the motor neuron, and the effector.

Components of a Reflex Arc

Sensory Receptor

The sensory receptor detects changes in the environment and responds to stimuli.

Sensory Neuron

The sensory neuron transmits the electrical signal from the sensory receptor to the spinal cord or brain.

Interneuron

The interneuron processes the information from the sensory neuron and sends a signal to the motor neuron.

Motor Neuron

The motor neuron carries the signal from the interneuron to the effector.

Effector

The effector is the muscle or gland that responds to the motor neuron signal, resulting in a reflex action.

Types of Reflex Arcs

There are two types of reflex arcs: autonomic reflex arc and somatic reflex arc.

Autonomic Reflex Arc

The autonomic reflex arc affects inner organs, such as regulating heart rate, digestion, and pupil dilation.

Somatic Reflex Arc

The somatic reflex arc affects muscles, such as causing the withdrawal of a hand from a hot stove.

See Also

• Nervous system
• Neuron
• Reflex

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