Migraine headache
Migraine Headache
Migraine headache (pronunciation: /ˈmaɪɡreɪn ˈhɛdeɪk/) is a type of headache characterized by recurrent episodes of severe, often unilateral, pulsating pain that typically lasts from 4 to 72 hours.
Etymology
The term "migraine" is derived from the Greek word hēmi meaning "half", and kranion meaning "skull". This refers to the typical pattern of migraine headache, which often affects one half of the head.
Symptoms
Migraine headaches are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound (photophobia and phonophobia). Some people may experience aura before the headache, which is a transient visual, sensory, language, or motor disturbance indicating the migraine will soon occur.
Causes
The exact cause of migraine headaches is unknown, but they are thought to be the result of abnormal brain activity causing a temporary alteration in the nerve signals, chemicals and blood flow in the brain. Factors that may trigger migraines include hormonal changes, certain foods and drinks, stress, and changes in sleep pattern.
Treatment
Treatment of migraine headaches involves relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks. Medications used to relieve symptoms include pain relievers, triptans, and ergots. Preventive medications include beta blockers, antidepressants, and antiseizure medications.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Migraine headache
- Wikipedia's article - Migraine headache
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