Microstomia

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Microstomia
Synonyms	Small mouth
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Reduced mouth opening, difficulty in eating and speaking
Complications	Malnutrition, speech disorder
Onset	Congenital or acquired
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Congenital disorder, trauma, scleroderma, burn
Risks	Genetic predisposition, autoimmune disease
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging
Differential diagnosis	Micrognathia, trismus
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgery, physical therapy
Medication	Corticosteroids (if inflammatory)
Prognosis	Variable, depending on cause and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Microstomia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally small oral orifice, or mouth opening. This condition can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or it can be acquired later in life due to various causes such as burns, trauma, or certain systemic diseases.

Causes

Microstomia can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the most common causes include:

• Congenital disorders: Some individuals are born with microstomia as a result of genetic disorders or birth defects.
• Burns: Severe burns to the face can result in scar tissue that reduces the size of the mouth opening.
• Trauma: Physical injury to the face can lead to microstomia if the injury results in significant scarring or damage to the mouth area.
• Systemic diseases: Certain systemic diseases, such as scleroderma, can cause microstomia.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of microstomia is a smaller than normal mouth opening. This can lead to difficulties with eating, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene. In severe cases, it can even interfere with breathing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of microstomia is typically based on a physical examination of the mouth and face. In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans may be used to assess the extent of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for microstomia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Surgery: Surgical procedures can be used to increase the size of the mouth opening. This is often the treatment of choice for severe cases of microstomia.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy exercises can help improve mouth function and may be recommended in conjunction with other treatments.
• Oral appliances: In some cases, oral appliances may be used to help maintain or increase the size of the mouth opening.

See also

• Oral and maxillofacial surgery
• Congenital disorders
• Scleroderma