Microsome

Microsome is a type of organelle found in cells. It is a small vesicle that is derived from fragmented endoplasmic reticulum when cells are homogenized. Microsomes are not present in healthy, living cells, they are artifacts of the cell disruption process.

Structure and Function

Microsomes are composed of lipids and proteins. They are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including protein synthesis, drug metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The specific functions of microsomes can vary depending on the type of cell in which they are found.

Protein Synthesis

Microsomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis. They contain ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell. The proteins synthesized by the ribosomes in the microsomes are typically destined for the endoplasmic reticulum or for secretion from the cell.

Drug Metabolism

Microsomes are also involved in the metabolism of drugs. They contain enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, that are responsible for the oxidation of many drugs. This oxidation process is a key step in the metabolism and elimination of drugs from the body.

Lipid Metabolism

In addition to their roles in protein synthesis and drug metabolism, microsomes are also involved in lipid metabolism. They contain enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids.

Clinical Significance

Due to their role in drug metabolism, microsomes are of particular interest in the field of pharmacology. Changes in the activity of microsomal enzymes can affect the metabolism and efficacy of drugs, and can also lead to drug-drug interactions. In addition, mutations in the genes encoding microsomal enzymes can lead to a variety of diseases, including genetic disorders and cancer.

See Also

• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Cytochrome P450
• Pharmacology

References

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