Microfilament

Microfilament

Microfilaments are the smallest of the three types of cytoskeletal structures that are found in the cells of all eukaryotic organisms. They are composed of linear polymers of actin subunits, and are involved in many types of cell movements, including cell motility, changes in cell shape, and muscle contraction.

Structure

Microfilaments are approximately 7 nanometers in diameter and are made up of two strands of actin. Each actin molecule is bound to an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. The two strands of actin are wound around each other in a helical pattern, creating a flexible structure that can withstand bending and compression.

Function

Microfilaments have several important functions in the cell. They contribute to the cell's shape and are involved in cell movement. They also play a role in cytokinesis, the process by which the cell divides into two daughter cells. In addition, microfilaments are involved in the contraction of muscle cells.

Role in Disease

Abnormalities in microfilaments can lead to a variety of diseases. For example, mutations in the actin gene can cause actinopathy, a group of rare genetic disorders that affect muscle function. In addition, microfilaments are involved in the spread of cancer cells, a process known as metastasis.

See Also

• Cytoskeleton
• Actin
• Cell
• Muscle contraction
• Cytokinesis

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