Methylenedioxy

Methylenedioxy‏‎ is a chemical compound that consists of a methylenedioxy group, a functional group composed of two oxygen atoms bridged by a methylene group. This compound is often found in a variety of pharmacologically active substances, including some psychoactive drugs and research chemicals.

Structure and Properties

The methylenedioxy group is characterized by the presence of two oxygen atoms connected to a single carbon atom, forming a three-membered ring structure. This structure is often represented as -O-CH2-O-. The presence of this group in a molecule can significantly alter its chemical properties and biological activity.

Occurrence

Methylenedioxy‏‎ is found in a variety of natural and synthetic substances. It is a key component in several alkaloids, a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. Some examples of these alkaloids include safrole, a compound found in the oil of sassafras plants, and myristicin, a compound found in nutmeg.

In addition, methylenedioxy‏‎ is a common feature in a number of synthetic drugs, including MDMA (commonly known as ecstasy), MDEA (a less common recreational drug), and MBDB (a rarely used entactogen).

Biological Activity

The presence of a methylenedioxy group in a molecule can significantly influence its biological activity. For example, in the case of MDMA, the methylenedioxy group is believed to play a crucial role in the drug's psychoactive effects. It is thought to facilitate the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness.

Safety and Toxicity

The safety and toxicity of methylenedioxy‏‎-containing compounds can vary widely depending on the specific substance. For example, while some substances like MDMA are known to have potential for abuse and can cause harmful effects such as neurotoxicity, others like safrole are considered to be potentially carcinogenic.

See Also

• Methylenedioxyphenethylamine
• Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine

References

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  Methylenedioxy graphic (ChemDraw)