Menstrual migraine

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Menstrual migraine
Synonyms	Catamenial migraine
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically occurs around the time of menstruation
Duration	4 to 72 hours
Types	N/A
Causes	Hormonal changes, particularly fluctuations in estrogen
Risks	Family history of migraine, hormonal contraceptive use
Diagnosis	Based on clinical history and symptom patterns
Differential diagnosis	Tension headache, cluster headache, premenstrual syndrome
Prevention	Lifestyle modifications, hormonal therapy, prophylactic medication
Treatment	Pain relief medication, triptans, anti-nausea medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Symptoms can be managed with appropriate treatment
Frequency	Affects approximately 60% of women with migraines
Deaths	N/A

Menstrual migraine is a specific type of migraine that is associated with a woman's menstrual cycle. It is a neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 20% of all women who suffer from migraines.

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Definition

Menstrual migraines are typically defined as migraines that occur in a pattern that is related to the menstrual cycle. They are most likely to occur in the two days leading up to menstruation and the first three days of menstruation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of menstrual migraines are similar to those of other types of migraines, but they may be more severe and last longer. Symptoms can include:

• Throbbing or pulsating headache
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and smells
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness
• Fatigue

Causes

The exact cause of menstrual migraines is not known, but they are believed to be triggered by the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels that occurs just before menstruation. Other factors that may contribute to menstrual migraines include:

• Changes in sleep patterns
• Dehydration
• Skipping meals
• Stress

Treatment

Treatment for menstrual migraines typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes hormonal therapy. Medications used to treat menstrual migraines can include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Triptans
• Ergotamines
• Beta blockers
• Antidepressants
• Anticonvulsants

Hormonal therapy may involve the use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or other hormonal treatments.

Prevention

Preventive measures for menstrual migraines can include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, staying hydrated, eating regular meals, and managing stress. Some women find that taking a magnesium supplement during the second half of their menstrual cycle can help prevent menstrual migraines.

See also

• Migraine
• Menstrual cycle
• Estrogen
• Progesterone