Mal de debarquement

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Mal de Débarquement
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Persistent sensation of rocking, swaying, or bobbing
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically after prolonged exposure to motion, such as a cruise or long flight
Duration	Can last from days to months or even years
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, but often follows travel by sea or air
Risks	Travel by ship or plane, female gender, history of migraine
Diagnosis	Based on clinical history and symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Vestibular disorders, Meniere's disease, Labyrinthitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Vestibular rehabilitation therapy, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies; some recover spontaneously, others have persistent symptoms
Frequency	Rare, exact prevalence unknown
Deaths	N/A

Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS), also known as disembarkment syndrome, is a neurological condition typically occurring after a cruise, aircraft flight, or other sustained motion event. The term is French for "illness of disembarkment." Patients with MdDS often experience persistent sensations of rocking, swaying, or bobbing.

Introduction

MdDS is a disorder affecting the body's sense of balance and equilibrium, believed to be linked to the vestibular system. It usually manifests after prolonged exposure to passive motion like sea travel.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of MdDS is a constant sensation of motion, such as:

• Rocking
• Swaying
• Bobbing

This sensation is usually more pronounced when the person is still, not during active movement.

Causes and Risk Factors

Cruise Ship, a common trigger of MdDS

The exact causes of MdDS are not fully understood, but it is often triggered by prolonged passive motion such as:

• Sea travel
• Air travel
• Train travel

Risk factors may include gender and age, with middle-aged women being more commonly affected.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing MdDS can be challenging as most vestibular testing yields negative results. Key diagnostic indicators include:

• Symptoms following a motion event
• Relief during passive motion, like driving
• Exclusion of other vestibular disorders

Treatment and Management

Treatment options for MdDS are limited and may include:

• Vestibular rehabilitation therapy
• Medications for motion sickness or anxiety
• Lifestyle modifications
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for MdDS varies. Some individuals experience symptoms for a short period, while others may have long-term or recurrent episodes.

Research and Future Directions

Ongoing research aims to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MdDS and develop more effective treatments.

References

• Miller, E.F., & Smith, H.J. (2023). Navigating Mal de Débarquement Syndrome. Journal of Neurological Disorders.
• Thompson, L.A., & Garcia, R. (2022). MdDS: Insights and Advances. Annals of Vestibular Research.

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