Lympha

Lymphatic System

Artistic depiction of lymphatic vessels as nymphs.

The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph towards the heart. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body, absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients from the digestive system, and defending the body against pathogens.

Components

The lymphatic system consists of several key components:

Lymph

Lymph is a clear fluid that originates from interstitial fluid in the tissues. It is collected through lymphatic capillaries and transported through larger lymphatic vessels. Lymph contains lymphocytes, which are critical for immune responses.

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphatic vessels are thin-walled, valved structures that carry lymph. They are similar to veins and are responsible for returning lymph to the circulatory system.

Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels. They filter lymph and house immune cells that can respond to pathogens.

Lymphoid Organs

The primary lymphoid organs include the thymus and bone marrow, where lymphocytes are produced and mature. Secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, tonsils, and Peyer's patches in the small intestine.

Functions

The lymphatic system has several important functions:

Fluid Balance

The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance by returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, preventing edema.

Fat Absorption

In the small intestine, specialized lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, transporting them to the bloodstream.

Immune Response

The lymphatic system is integral to the immune response. Lymph nodes filter pathogens from lymph, and lymphocytes within the nodes can mount an immune response.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the lymphatic system can lead to various health issues:

Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling due to the accumulation of lymph fluid, often resulting from damage to or removal of lymph nodes.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, affecting lymphocytes.

Infections

Infections such as lymphangitis and lymphadenitis can occur when pathogens invade the lymphatic system.

Related pages

• Immune system
• Circulatory system
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Lymphocyte