Loci

Loci is a term used in genetics to refer to the specific physical location of a gene or other significant sequence on a chromosome. Each locus (singular of loci) consists of alleles, which are different forms of the same gene. The concept of loci is fundamental to the study of genetic inheritance and genetic disorders.

Definition

In genetics, a locus (plural loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different locus.

Role in Genetics

Loci play a crucial role in genetics. They are the physical locations where genes, which are segments of DNA that influence specific characteristics or functions in an organism, are found. The specific location of a gene on a chromosome is important because it can affect how that gene is expressed and how it interacts with other genes.

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation at a single locus is known as polymorphism. When the loci of genes are different in a way that affects the organisms in which they occur, they are said to be polymorphic. Polymorphism can result in different phenotypes, or observable traits, in an organism.

Loci and Genetic Disorders

Certain genetic disorders are associated with specific loci. For example, the locus for the gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis is on chromosome 7. By identifying the loci associated with specific diseases, researchers can develop genetic tests to predict an individual's risk of developing a particular disorder.

See Also

• Gene
• Chromosome
• Genetic inheritance
• Genetic disorders
• Polymorphism (biology)

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