Liver fluke
Liver fluke
Liver fluke (pronunciation: /ˈlɪvər fluːk/) is a common term for a group of parasitic flatworms that infect the livers of various mammals, including humans. The term is most commonly used to refer to the three species that cause significant disease in humans: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and Clonorchis sinensis.
Etymology
The term "fluke" comes from the Old English "flōc" meaning "flatfish", due to the flat, oval shape of these parasites. The term "liver" is derived from the Old English "lifer", which is related to the Dutch "lever" and German "Leber", all meaning "liver". This reflects the primary organ these parasites infect.
Description
Liver flukes are flat, leaf-like worms that range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in length. They have a complex life cycle that involves multiple hosts and stages of development. The adult flukes reside in the bile ducts of the liver, where they feed on blood and bile.
Infection and Symptoms
Infection with liver flukes, known as fascioliasis or clonorchiasis, occurs when humans consume water, plants, or animals contaminated with the larval stages of the flukes. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, and liver enlargement.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for liver fluke infection typically involves the use of antiparasitic medications, such as triclabendazole. Prevention strategies include proper food and water sanitation practices and control of the intermediate snail hosts.
Related Terms
- Parasitology: The study of parasites and their hosts.
- Helminth: A term for parasitic worms, including flukes.
- Bile duct: The tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Liver fluke
- Wikipedia's article - Liver fluke
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