List of food plants native to the Americas

List of Food Plants Native to the Americas

The Americas are home to a diverse array of food plants that have been cultivated and consumed by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. These plants have become integral to global agriculture and cuisine. This article provides an overview of some of the most significant food plants native to the Americas.

Grains and Cereals

Quinoa growing on Isla del Sol, Lake Titicaca

Maize

Maize, also known as corn, is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It was first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Maize is a staple food in many parts of the world and is used in a variety of forms, including cornmeal, corn syrup, and popcorn.

Quinoa

Quinoa is a grain crop grown primarily for its edible seeds. It originated in the Andean region of South America, particularly in Peru and Bolivia. Quinoa is known for its high protein content and is considered a complete protein, containing all nine essential amino acids.

Fruits

Vaccinium corymbosum, commonly known as the northern highbush blueberry

Blueberry

Blueberries are flowering plants in the genus Vaccinium, native to North America. The most common species is Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry. Blueberries are known for their sweet taste and high antioxidant content.

Guava

Guava fruit

Guava is a tropical fruit native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. It is rich in dietary fiber, vitamin C, and other essential nutrients. Guavas are often eaten raw or used in cooking and beverages.

Vegetables

Cubanelle peppers, a type of sweet pepper

Peppers

Peppers, including bell peppers and chili peppers, are native to the Americas. They are members of the genus Capsicum and are used worldwide in a variety of cuisines. Peppers can range from sweet to extremely hot, with the heat level measured in Scoville units.

Tomato

The tomato is a fruit that is commonly used as a vegetable in cooking. It originated in western South America and was domesticated in Mexico. Tomatoes are a key ingredient in many dishes, sauces, and salads.

Legumes

Common Bean

The common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, is native to the Americas and is a major source of protein and fiber. It includes varieties such as kidney beans, pinto beans, and black beans. Beans are a staple food in many cultures and are used in a wide range of dishes.

Nuts and Seeds

Peanut

The peanut, or groundnut, is native to South America. It is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. Peanuts are used in various forms, including peanut butter, oil, and as a snack.

Sunflower

Sunflowers are native to North America and are grown for their seeds, which are used for oil production and as a snack. Sunflower seeds are rich in healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Related Pages

• Agriculture in the Americas
• History of agriculture
• Indigenous cuisine of the Americas