List of combined sex-hormonal preparations

Combined sex-hormonal preparations are pharmaceutical drugs that contain a combination of sex hormones. These preparations are primarily used in hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The combination usually involves a form of estrogen and a form of progestogen, mimicking the natural hormone levels in the body to prevent ovulation, prepare the body for pregnancy, or alleviate symptoms of menopause.

Types of Combined Sex-Hormonal Preparations

Combined sex-hormonal preparations can be classified based on their method of administration and the specific hormones they contain. Common types include:

• Oral contraceptives: Often referred to as "the pill," these are taken daily and are one of the most widely used forms of hormonal contraception.
• Transdermal patch: A patch applied to the skin that releases hormones into the bloodstream.
• Vaginal ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina, releasing hormones locally.
• Injectable contraceptives: Hormones are administered through injections at regular intervals.

Components

Estrogens

Estrogens used in combined preparations include:

• Ethinylestradiol (EE)
• Estradiol (E2)
• Estradiol valerate (EV)

Progestogens

Progestogens in these preparations may include:

• Levonorgestrel (LNG)
• Norethindrone (NET)
• Drospirenone (DRSP)
• Desogestrel (DSG)

Indications

Combined sex-hormonal preparations are indicated for:

• Prevention of pregnancy
• Management of menstrual disorders
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause
• Treatment of hormone-responsive cancers (in specific cases)

Contraindications

Use of combined hormonal preparations is contraindicated in individuals with:

• History of thromboembolic disorders
• Breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Liver disease

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Breast tenderness
• Mood changes
• Increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

See Also

• Progestogen-only pill
• Menstrual cycle
• Family planning

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