Leapers
Leapers
Leapers (/ˈliːpərz/), also known as Jumping genes, are a type of genetic element that can change its position within a genome. This phenomenon is known as transposition. Leapers are a significant area of study in the field of genetics and molecular biology.
Etymology
The term "Leapers" is derived from the ability of these genetic elements to "leap" or move from one location in the genome to another. The concept was first introduced by American scientist Barbara McClintock in her corn studies during the 1940s.
Types of Leapers
There are two main types of leapers: DNA transposons and Retrotransposons. DNA transposons move by a "cut and paste" mechanism, while retrotransposons move by a "copy and paste" mechanism.
DNA Transposons
DNA transposons are a type of leaper that moves by a "cut and paste" mechanism. This means they are excised from their original location and inserted at a new site in the genome.
Retrotransposons
Retrotransposons are a type of leaper that moves by a "copy and paste" mechanism. This means they are copied from their original location and the copy is inserted at a new site in the genome.
Impact on Genome
Leapers can have a significant impact on the genome. They can cause mutations, alter gene expression, and contribute to genetic diversity. However, they can also cause genetic diseases if they insert into a functional gene.
Related Terms
- Transposase: An enzyme that catalyzes the movement of leapers.
- Insertion sequence: A simple type of leaper.
- Genetic recombination: A process that can be influenced by the movement of leapers.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Leapers
- Wikipedia's article - Leapers
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