Layering

Layering is a method of plant propagation in which a portion of an aerial stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant. This technique is used to propagate plants that are difficult to root from cuttings.

Types of Layering

There are several types of layering, each suited to different plant species and conditions:

Simple Layering

Simple layering involves bending a low-growing, flexible stem to the ground and covering part of it with soil. The tip of the stem remains exposed. This method is often used for shrubs and vines.

Tip Layering

In tip layering, the tip of a shoot is buried in the soil. This method is commonly used for blackberries and raspberries.

Compound (Serpentine) Layering

Compound layering, also known as serpentine layering, involves burying several sections of a long stem. This technique is suitable for plants with long, flexible stems, such as wisteria.

Air Layering

Air layering is a method where a section of a stem is girdled and wrapped with moist sphagnum moss and plastic to encourage root formation. This technique is often used for houseplants and tropical plants.

Air layering of a plant

Mound (Stool) Layering

Mound layering involves cutting back a plant to the ground and covering the new shoots with soil to encourage rooting. This method is used for rootstocks and some fruit trees.

Advantages of Layering

Layering has several advantages over other propagation methods:

• It allows the new plant to remain attached to the parent plant, receiving nutrients and water until it is well-rooted.
• It is a reliable method for propagating plants that do not root easily from cuttings.
• It can be done with minimal equipment and expertise.

Disadvantages of Layering

Despite its advantages, layering also has some drawbacks:

• It can be a slow process, taking several months for roots to develop.
• It is not suitable for all plant species.
• It requires space for the stems to be bent and buried.

Applications

Layering is widely used in horticulture and agriculture for propagating ornamental plants, fruit trees, and shrubs. It is particularly useful for plants that are difficult to propagate by other means.

Also see

• Plant propagation
• Cutting (plant)
• Grafting
• Tissue culture

References

• Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T., & Geneve, R.L. (2011). Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall.
• Toogood, A. (1999). Plant Propagation Made Easy. Dorling Kindersley.