Klumpke paralysis

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Klumpke paralysis
Synonyms	Klumpke's palsy
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Neurology, Orthopedics
Symptoms	Paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, Horner's syndrome
Complications	Muscle atrophy, contractures
Onset	At birth or due to trauma
Duration	Varies, can be permanent
Types	N/A
Causes	Brachial plexus injury, shoulder dystocia during birth
Risks	Difficult childbirth, trauma
Diagnosis	Physical examination, nerve conduction study, electromyography
Differential diagnosis	Cervical rib syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, occupational therapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Klumpke paralysis or Klumpke's palsy is a form of brachial plexus palsy that involves damage to the lower nerves of the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand. This condition is named after Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke, a French neurologist who first described this condition.

Causes

Klumpke paralysis is usually caused by a birth injury, particularly during a difficult delivery, such as a breech birth. It can also occur as a result of a trauma to the arm or shoulder, or due to a tumor or cyst pressing on the brachial plexus.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of Klumpke paralysis include weakness or paralysis in the hand and forearm, and sometimes a drooping eyelid on the opposite side of the affected arm, a condition known as Horner's syndrome. The affected hand often takes on a characteristic claw-like appearance.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Klumpke paralysis is based on physical examination and the patient's symptoms. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the nerve damage.

Treatment

Treatment for Klumpke paralysis depends on the severity of the nerve damage. Mild cases may improve with physical therapy and occupational therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be required to repair the damaged nerves.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Klumpke paralysis varies depending on the extent of the nerve damage. Some patients may recover full function of the affected arm and hand, while others may have permanent disability.

See also

• Brachial plexus palsy
• Horner's syndrome
• Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke