Iridoid

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Iridoid

Iridoid (pronunciation: /ˈɪrɪdɔɪd/) is a type of monoterpenoid, a class of naturally occurring organic compounds, predominantly found in a wide variety of plants and some animals.

Etymology

The term "Iridoid" is derived from the plant genus Iris, from which these compounds were first isolated.

Definition

Iridoids are secondary metabolites present in various plants, especially in the Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rubiaceae families. They are typically found in the form of glycosides, which are compounds containing a carbohydrate and a noncarbohydrate residue in the same molecule.

Structure

Iridoids are characterized by a cyclopentanopyran skeleton, which is a structure composed of a five-membered ring fused to a six-membered ring. This structure is often referred to as an iridane skeleton.

Biological Role and Effects

Iridoids have a variety of biological roles in plants, including defense against herbivores and pathogens. They also have a range of effects in humans and other animals, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor effects.

Related Terms

  • Monoterpenoid: A type of terpenoid, a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals.
  • Glycoside: A molecule in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety.
  • Apocynaceae: A family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines.
  • Lamiaceae: A family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or deadnettle family.
  • Rubiaceae: A family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.

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