Monoterpenoid
Monoterpenoid (pronunciation: /ˌmɒnoʊˈtɜːrpɪnɔɪd/) is a type of Terpenoid that consists of two Isoprene units and has the molecular formula C10H16. Monoterpenoids are derived from the basic molecule of isoprene, and they include a variety of structures with different functional groups. They are found in a wide range of plants and are often responsible for the fragrance of many flowers and herbs.
Etymology
The term "Monoterpenoid" is derived from the Greek words "mono" meaning one and "terpene" which refers to a class of hydrocarbons produced primarily by a wide variety of plants. The suffix "-oid" is used to indicate similarity but not exact identity, hence monoterpenoid refers to compounds similar to but not exactly the same as monoterpenes.
Types of Monoterpenoids
Monoterpenoids can be classified into different types based on their structure and functional groups. Some of the common types include:
- Alcohols: These monoterpenoids contain a hydroxyl group (-OH). Examples include geraniol and linalool.
- Aldehydes: These monoterpenoids contain an aldehyde group (-CHO). An example is citral.
- Ketones: These monoterpenoids contain a carbonyl group (C=O). An example is camphor.
- Esters: These monoterpenoids contain an ester group (-COO-). An example is bornyl acetate.
Biological Role and Uses
Monoterpenoids play a crucial role in plant defense against herbivores and pathogens. They also attract pollinators due to their strong fragrances. In addition, they have been used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are also used in the perfume and flavoring industries due to their aromatic properties.
See Also
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