Index of biochemistry articles

Index of Biochemistry Articles

Biochemistry, a branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms, is a dynamic and essential field of study in understanding life at a molecular level. It bridges the sciences of biology and chemistry by focusing on the chemical substances and processes that occur in living organisms. This index aims to provide a comprehensive guide to articles related to various aspects of biochemistry, including its principles, methods, and applications in health, disease, and industry.

A

• Amino acids - The building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological functions.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - A primary energy carrier in all living organisms.
• Antibodies - Proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.

B

• Bioinformatics - An interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
• Biopolymers - Natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms.
• Biotechnology - The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.

C

• Cell - The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
• Catalysis - The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst.
• Chromatography - A laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

D

• DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
• DNA sequencing - The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

E

• Enzymes - Macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions.
• Electrophoresis - A method used in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate DNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

F

• Fatty acids - Important components of lipids in plants, animals, and microorganisms.

G

• Genetics - The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
• Glycolysis - The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy and forming ATP.

H

• Hormones - Chemical substances that act as signaling molecules in the body.
• Hemoglobin - A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

I

• Immunology - The study of the immune system, which protects the body from foreign pathogens.

J

• Joule - A unit of energy used in biochemistry.

K

• Kinetics - The study of the rate at which chemical processes occur.

L

• Lipids - A group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and others.

M

• Metabolism - The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
• Molecular biology - The branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity.

N

• Nucleic acids - Biopolymers essential for all known forms of life, including DNA and RNA.

O

• Organic chemistry - The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds and materials.

P

• Proteins - Large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
• Photosynthesis - The process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight into chemical energy.

Q

• Quantitative PCR - A method used to quantify DNA or RNA in a sample.

R

• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - A polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

S

• Spectroscopy - The study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

T

• Transcription - The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
• Translation - The process in which ribosomes in a cell's cytoplasm create proteins, following transcription of DNA to RNA.

U

• Ultracentrifugation - A process of separating mixtures of molecules in a centrifuge based on their density.

V

• Vitamins - Organic molecules that are an essential micronutrient.

W

• Western blot - A method used in molecular biology and biochemistry to detect specific proteins in a sample.

X

• X-ray crystallography - A technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal.

Y

• Yeast - Eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

Z

• Zymogen - An inactive precursor of an enzyme, which requires a biochemical change for it to become an active enzyme.