Immunoglobulin D

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Immunoglobulin D

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody isotype that is found in the blood serum of humans. Pronounced as /ˌɪmjʊnəʊɡlɒbjuːlɪn 'diː/, the term is derived from the Greek words 'immunos' meaning immunity and 'globulin' referring to a family of proteins.

Function

Immunoglobulin D, along with IgM, is expressed on the surface of mature B cells, where it plays a role in B cell antigen receptor signaling. It is also found in a soluble form in blood serum, although at very low concentrations compared to other immunoglobulins.

Structure

Like all immunoglobulins, IgD is a type of protein made up of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains of IgD are of the delta (δ) class, which gives the immunoglobulin its name.

Clinical significance

Although the exact function of IgD is not well understood, it is known to be involved in allergic reactions and the immune response to certain pathogens. Abnormally high levels of IgD can be a sign of certain diseases, such as multiple myeloma and IgD myeloma.

Related terms

  • Immunoglobulin: A type of protein that functions as an antibody.
  • B cell: A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.
  • Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
  • Pathogen: A microorganism that can cause disease.

External links

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