Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia (pronounced: hi-po-gly-SEE-me-uh), also known as low blood sugar, is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.
Etymology
The term "hypoglycaemia" comes from the Greek words "hypo" meaning "under", "glykys" meaning "sweet", and "haima" meaning "blood". Thus, it literally translates to "under-sweet blood".
Definition
Hypoglycaemia is typically defined as a blood sugar level below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). However, the specific levels can vary depending on individual factors and the guidelines of different medical organizations.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hypoglycaemia can include dizziness, sweating, hunger, irritability, confusion, and shakiness. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death if not treated promptly.
Causes
Hypoglycaemia is most commonly associated with the treatment of diabetes, particularly in individuals who take insulin or certain oral diabetes medications. However, it can also occur in people without diabetes due to certain medical conditions, medications, or prolonged fasting.
Treatment
Treatment for hypoglycaemia involves consuming a fast-acting source of sugar, such as fruit juice, glucose tablets, or candy. In severe cases, an injection of glucagon may be required.
Related Terms
- Hyperglycaemia: A condition characterized by an excessively high level of glucose in the blood.
- Glucose: A simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for the body.
- Insulin: A hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
- Glucagon: A hormone that raises blood glucose levels.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hypoglycaemia
- Wikipedia's article - Hypoglycaemia
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