Hyperandrogenism

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hyperandrogenism
Testosterone, a key androgen
Synonyms	Androgen excess
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hirsutism, acne, alopecia, menstrual irregularities
Complications	Polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, metabolic syndrome
Onset	Puberty or later
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors
Risks	Obesity, insulin resistance, family history
Diagnosis	Blood test for testosterone levels, pelvic ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Cushing's syndrome, thyroid disorders, ovarian tumors
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Oral contraceptives, antiandrogens, lifestyle changes
Medication	Spironolactone, flutamide, metformin
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in women of reproductive age
Deaths	N/A

Excessive Secretion of Androgens

Introduction

Excessive secretion of androgens, also known as hyperandrogenism, is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of male sex hormones, such as testosterone, in the body. This condition can originate from the adrenal glands or gonads and may lead to various clinical manifestations, including virilization.

Causes

Hyperandrogenism can be caused by a number of factors, including:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is one of the most common causes of hyperandrogenism in women and involves the development of cysts in the ovaries along with hormonal imbalances.

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal tumors can result in excessive androgen production.

Gonadal Tumors

Tumors in the testes or ovaries can also lead to elevated androgen levels.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hyperandrogenism vary but may include:

• Virilization, or the development of male characteristics such as deepening of the voice and increased body hair.
• Menstrual irregularities.
• Acne and oily skin.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and imaging studies to identify possible tumors or cysts.

Ultrasound of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, a common cause of hyperandrogenism.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include:

• Medications to reduce androgen levels, such as birth control pills or anti-androgen drugs.
• Surgery to remove tumors if present.

Complications

If left untreated, hyperandrogenism can lead to complications like infertility, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

See Also

• Endocrinology
• Hormone
• Reproductive system

External Links

• Endocrine Society - Hyperandrogenism
• Women's Health - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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