Hydrogel

Hydrogel is a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. Hydrogels are highly absorbent (they can contain over 90% water) natural or synthetic polymeric networks. Hydrogels also possess a degree of flexibility very similar to natural tissue, due to their significant water content.

Introduction

Hydrogels have been in use for several decades and have applications in a variety of fields such as biomedical applications, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, contact lenses, and diapers. They are often used in clinical practice and experimental medicine for their unique properties, including their ability to hold large amounts of water, their soft and rubbery consistency, and their biocompatibility with human tissues.

Structure and Properties

The structure of hydrogels consists of a network of polymer chains, which are hydrophilic or water-loving. This network can absorb and hold large amounts of water, up to 90% of the total weight of the hydrogel. The properties of hydrogels can be manipulated by adjusting the characteristics of the polymer network, such as the type and concentration of the polymer, the degree of crosslinking, and the presence of other components.

Applications

Hydrogels have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties. In biomedical applications, they can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as drug delivery systems, and in wound dressings. In ophthalmology, hydrogels are used in the manufacture of contact lenses. They are also used in diapers for their high absorbency.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to develop new types of hydrogels with improved properties and expanded applications. This includes the development of responsive hydrogels that can change their properties in response to changes in their environment, such as changes in temperature, pH, or the presence of specific molecules.

See Also

• Polymer
• Biomedical Applications
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Tissue Engineering
• Contact Lenses
• Diapers

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Hydrogel

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  IUPAC definition for a hydrogel

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  Peptide hydrogel formation simplified scheme

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  R. V. Lapshin, Model of hysteresis loop, Fig.16

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