Hoesch reaction

Hoesch Reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the transformation of a ketone or nitrile into a diazonium salt, which is then converted into a phenol. This reaction was named after the German chemist Kurt Hoesch, who first described it in 1915.

Etymology

The term "Hoesch Reaction" is derived from the name of its discoverer, Kurt Hoesch, a German chemist. Hoesch was a prolific researcher in the field of organic chemistry, and his work on the transformation of ketones and nitriles into phenols is one of his most significant contributions.

Mechanism

The Hoesch Reaction begins with the formation of a diazonium salt from a ketone or nitrile. This is achieved by treating the ketone or nitrile with hydrazine and a strong acid, typically hydrochloric acid. The resulting diazonium salt is then converted into a phenol by reaction with water.

Applications

The Hoesch Reaction is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and dyes. It is particularly useful for the preparation of phenols, which are important intermediates in many chemical reactions.

Related Terms

• Ketone: A type of organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms.
• Nitrile: An organic compound that contains a cyano functional group, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
• Diazonium Salt: A type of organic compound that contains a diazonium functional group, which consists of a nitrogen atom double-bonded to a nitrogen atom with a positive charge.
• Phenol: A type of aromatic organic compound characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic ring.

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  Example of Hoesch reaction: 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone from phloroglucinol

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  Mechanism of the Hoesch reaction