Hemispherectomy

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Hemispherectomy

Hemispherectomy (pronunciation: /hɛmɪsfɪəˈrɛktəmi/) is a surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere of the brain is removed or disabled. This procedure is used to treat a variety of seizure disorders where the source of epilepsy is localized to a broad area of a single hemisphere.

Etymology

The term "hemispherectomy" is derived from the Greek words hemi meaning "half", sphaira meaning "sphere", and ektome meaning "excision".

Procedure

The procedure involves the removal or disabling of one of the two cerebral hemispheres. This is typically done in cases where one hemisphere is causing severe and uncontrollable seizures. The procedure is most commonly performed on children, as their brains are still developing and can often compensate for the loss of one hemisphere.

Types of Hemispherectomy

There are several types of hemispherectomy procedures, including:

  • Anatomical hemispherectomy: This involves the complete removal of one cerebral hemisphere.
  • Functional hemispherectomy: This procedure involves the removal of a portion of the hemisphere and the disconnection of the remaining part from the rest of the brain.
  • Hemidecortication: This procedure involves the removal of the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgical procedures, hemispherectomy carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include infection, bleeding, stroke, and problems with speech and memory.

Related Terms

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