Heat illness

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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Heat illness
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, muscle cramps
Complications	Heat stroke, rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure
Onset	Hot weather, physical exertion
Duration	Hours to days
Types	N/A
Causes	High temperature, high humidity, dehydration
Risks	Elderly, young children, athletes, outdoor workers
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Infection, medication side effects, endocrine disorders
Prevention	Hydration, rest breaks, cooling measures
Treatment	Cooling, hydration, rest
Medication	None specific
Prognosis	Good with prompt treatment
Frequency	Common in hot climates
Deaths	Rare with treatment

Heat illness refers to a spectrum of disorders that occur when the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature in response to heat exposure. These conditions range from mild, such as heat rash and heat cramps, to severe, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Causes

Heat illnesses are caused by exposure to high temperatures, especially when combined with high humidity and strenuous physical activity. They can also occur as a result of inadequate fluid intake, alcohol consumption, and wearing heavy clothing in hot, humid weather.

Symptoms

Symptoms of heat illness can range from mild to severe and can include:

• Dehydration
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Muscle cramps
• Rapid heartbeat
• Mental confusion
• Unconsciousness

Prevention

Prevention of heat illness involves taking steps to avoid overheating and to replenish fluids and electrolytes. This can include:

• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Avoiding alcohol and caffeine
• Wearing lightweight, loose-fitting clothing
• Taking frequent breaks in cool, shaded areas
• Avoiding strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day

Treatment

Treatment for heat illness depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can often be treated with rest, rehydration, and cooling. Severe cases, such as heat stroke, require immediate medical attention and can include measures to rapidly cool the body and provide supportive care.

See also

• Heat stroke
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat cramps
• Heat rash
• Dehydration

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