Hazel

Hazel is a type of tree and shrub, belonging to the genus Corylus, which includes nearly 20 different species. The term "hazel" also refers to the nuts produced by these trees, commonly known as hazelnuts.

Description

Hazel trees are deciduous, shedding their leaves in the fall. They typically grow to a height of 12-20 feet, although some species can reach up to 80 feet. The leaves are rounded with a pointed tip, and the edges are serrated. The bark is smooth and gray-brown in color.

The trees produce catkins, which are long, cylindrical flower clusters. The catkins appear before the leaves in the spring. The female flowers are very small and largely hidden in the buds, with only the bright red, 1 to 3 millimeter-long styles visible.

Hazelnuts

Hazelnuts are the fruit of the hazel tree. They are encased in a hard shell, which is surrounded by a husk that partially to fully encloses the nut. The nut is roughly spherical to oval in shape, 15–25 millimeters in diameter and 10–15 millimeters in length. It has a sweet, buttery flavor and is rich in oil.

Hazelnuts are used in a variety of culinary applications. They can be eaten raw or roasted, and are a common ingredient in pastries, chocolates, and spreads, such as Nutella. Hazelnut oil, pressed from the nuts, is also used in cooking.

Species

There are several species of hazel, including:

• Corylus avellana (Common Hazel) - native to Europe and western Asia
• Corylus americana (American Hazel) - native to eastern North America
• Corylus cornuta (Beaked Hazel) - native to North America
• Corylus maxima (Filbert) - native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia

Cultivation

Hazel trees are relatively easy to grow and can thrive in a variety of soil types, although they prefer well-drained, loamy soil. They do best in full sun to partial shade. Hazel trees are often grown for their nuts, but they are also planted as ornamental trees due to their attractive catkins.

Health Benefits

Hazelnuts are rich in nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, protein, fiber and healthy fats. They are particularly high in Vitamin E and B vitamins, including folate. Hazelnuts also contain a significant amount of monounsaturated fat, which can help to reduce levels of bad cholesterol and increase levels of good cholesterol.

See Also

• Nut (fruit)
• Tree
• Shrub

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  Corylus avellana
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  Catkins Corylus avellana
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  Hazel coppice, Bubbenhall Wood
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  Corylus fargesii, Arnold Arboretum
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  Hazel Catkins
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  Hazel Flower Female
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  Turk Hazel
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  Hazelnuts
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  Hazelnut (male flower), overlay of 7 channel autofluorescence microscopy