Harlequin syndrome
Harlequin Syndrome
Harlequin syndrome (pronounced: har-le-quin syn-drome) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by unilateral flushing and sweating. It is named after the harlequin character from Italian commedia dell'arte due to the distinct half-and-half appearance it can cause.
Etymology
The term "Harlequin" is derived from the Italian Arlecchino, a character in the 16th-century Italian theatre, Commedia dell'arte. The character is known for his distinctive checkered costume, which is thought to resemble the contrasting facial appearance seen in this syndrome.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Harlequin syndrome is a sudden onset of unilateral facial flushing and sweating. This typically occurs in response to heat or exercise. The affected side of the face may also appear redder than the other side. Other symptoms may include ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid) and miosis (constriction of the pupil).
Causes
Harlequin syndrome is thought to be caused by damage or dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system. The exact cause is often unknown, but it may be associated with underlying conditions such as brainstem stroke, tumors, or nerve injury.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Harlequin syndrome is primarily based on the characteristic symptoms and a thorough clinical evaluation. Additional tests such as MRI or CT scan may be performed to rule out underlying conditions.
Treatment
There is currently no specific treatment for Harlequin syndrome. Management is primarily focused on treating any underlying conditions and managing symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be considered to reduce facial flushing and sweating.
Related Terms
- Autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Facial flushing
- Sweating
- Ptosis
- Miosis
- Brainstem stroke
- Tumors
- Nerve injury
- MRI
- CT scan
- Surgery
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Harlequin syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Harlequin syndrome
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