Neonatal conjunctivitis

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Neonatal conjunctivitis
Synonyms	Ophthalmia neonatorum
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Eye discharge, redness, swelling of the eyelids
Complications	Corneal ulceration, blindness
Onset	Within the first 28 days of life
Duration	Varies depending on cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, viral infection, chemical irritation
Risks	Premature birth, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal infection
Diagnosis	Eye swab and culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Differential diagnosis	Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, congenital glaucoma
Prevention	Prophylactic eye drops at birth
Treatment	Depends on cause; may include antibiotics, antiviral medication, irrigation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with prompt treatment
Frequency	Varies by region and healthcare practices
Deaths	N/A

Neonatal conjunctivitis (also known as ophthalmia neonatorum) is an inflammation of the eye that affects newborns. It is a common condition that can occur in the first month of life. The condition is typically caused by an infection that is passed from the mother to the baby during delivery.

Causes

Neonatal conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, and irritation from chemical substances. The most common bacterial causes are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Viral causes can include Herpes simplex virus.

Symptoms

Symptoms of neonatal conjunctivitis can include redness and swelling of the eyes, discharge, and eyelid swelling. In some cases, the condition can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

Treatment

Treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis depends on the cause of the condition. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Viral infections may require antiviral medication. In cases where the condition is caused by chemical irritation, the treatment usually involves flushing the eyes with saline solution.

Prevention

Prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis involves screening and treating pregnant women for sexually transmitted infections, as these can be passed on to the baby during delivery. In some countries, newborns are given antibiotic eye drops or ointment shortly after birth to prevent the condition.

See also

• Conjunctivitis
• Chlamydia infection
• Gonorrhea
• Herpes simplex

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