Giant

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels. Most often, it affects the arteries in the head, especially those in the temples. For this reason, it is often called temporal arteritis. GCA is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of GCA are headache, tenderness over the temples, flu-like symptoms, double vision, and difficulty opening the mouth. Other symptoms may include unintentional weight loss, fever, and night sweats.

Causes

The exact cause of GCA is unknown. However, it is thought to involve an abnormal immune response. The condition is more common in people of northern European descent, and it becomes more common with age.

Diagnosis

GCA is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A biopsy of the temporal artery can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The main treatment for GCA is high-dose corticosteroids. These drugs reduce inflammation and can help prevent vision loss. Other treatments may be used to manage symptoms and side effects of corticosteroids.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for GCA is generally good. However, the condition can lead to serious complications, including vision loss and stroke, if not treated promptly.

See also

• Arteritis
• Corticosteroids
• Immune response
• Inflammation
• Stroke
• Vision loss

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