Genetically modified tomato

Introduction

Tomatoes in various stages of ripening

The genetically modified tomato is a tomato that has had its genome altered using genetic engineering techniques. The primary aim of modifying the tomato is to improve its shelf life, nutritional value, and resistance to pests and diseases.

History

The first genetically modified tomato, known as the Flavr Savr, was developed by Calgene, a biotechnology company, and was approved for sale in the United States in 1994. The Flavr Savr was engineered to have a longer shelf life by inhibiting the production of the enzyme polygalacturonase, which is responsible for the softening of the tomato.

Genetic Engineering Techniques

Genetic modification of tomatoes involves the insertion of specific genes into the tomato's DNA using recombinant DNA technology. Common methods include the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector to transfer genes, or gene gun technology, which physically inserts DNA into the plant cells.

Traits of Genetically Modified Tomatoes

Genetically modified tomatoes can be engineered to exhibit a variety of traits, including:

• Extended Shelf Life: By reducing the activity of enzymes that cause softening, tomatoes can remain firm and fresh for longer periods.
• Enhanced Nutritional Content: Genetic modifications can increase levels of vitamins and antioxidants, such as lycopene.
• Pest and Disease Resistance: Genes from other organisms can be introduced to provide resistance to common tomato pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides.
• Environmental Stress Tolerance: Modifications can help tomatoes withstand drought, salinity, and other environmental stresses.

Controversies and Public Perception

Close-up of ripe tomatoes

The use of genetically modified tomatoes, like other genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has been the subject of public debate. Concerns include potential health risks, environmental impact, and ethical considerations. Proponents argue that GMOs can contribute to food security and sustainability.

Current Developments

Research continues into developing new varieties of genetically modified tomatoes with improved traits. Recent advancements include tomatoes with increased resistance to climate change effects and enhanced flavor profiles.

Related Pages

• Genetically modified organism
• Genetic engineering
• Flavr Savr
• Tomato