Genetic conditions

Genetic conditions

Genetic conditions (pronunciation: /dʒɪˈnɛtɪk kənˈdɪʃənz/) are disorders or diseases that are caused by abnormalities in an individual's genome. These abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.

Etymology

The term "genetic conditions" is derived from the word "genetic", which comes from the Greek word "genetikos", meaning "genitive" and "genes" meaning "born", and the Latin word "conditio", which means "condition" or "situation".

Types of Genetic Conditions

There are several types of genetic conditions, including:

• Single-gene disorders: These conditions are caused by mutations in the DNA sequence of one gene. Examples include Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell disease, and Huntington's disease.

• Chromosomal disorders: These conditions are caused by changes in the number or structure of the chromosomes. Examples include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.

• Complex disorders: These conditions are caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors. Examples include Heart disease, Diabetes, and Cancer.

• Mitochondrial disorders: These conditions are caused by mutations in the non-chromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Examples include Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Mitochondrial myopathy.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of genetic conditions often involves genetic testing, which can include blood tests, DNA tests, and other types of tests. Treatment can vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity. It can include medical treatments, surgical treatments, physical therapy, and other types of treatments.

Related Terms

• Genetics
• Genome
• Gene
• Chromosome
• Mutation
• Genetic testing
• Genetic disorder
• Genetic disease

This WikiMD.org article is a stub. You can help make it a full article.