Gene duplication
Gene Duplication
Gene duplication (pronunciation: /dʒiːn djuːplɪˈkeɪʃən/) is a biological phenomenon that involves the production of one or more copies of a gene, resulting in multiple loci with similar sequences.
Etymology
The term "gene duplication" is derived from the English words "gene", which comes from the Greek word "genos" meaning origin, and "duplication", which comes from the Latin word "duplicare" meaning to double.
Overview
Gene duplication plays a vital role in genomic evolution. It can occur through various mechanisms such as unequal crossing over, retrotransposition, chromosomal duplication, and genome duplication. The duplicated genes can undergo divergent evolution, leading to the creation of new genetic material that can be acted upon by natural selection.
Related Terms
- Allele: An alternative form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.
- Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
- Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information.
- Polyploidy: A condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes due to an increase in the number of copies of its entire set of chromosomes.
- Paralog: Genes that are related by duplication within a genome.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gene duplication
- Wikipedia's article - Gene duplication
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