GBS

GBS or Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks part of its peripheral nerves. This syndrome is named after the French doctors Georges Guillain and Jean Alexandre Barré, who described it in 1916.

Symptoms

The first symptoms of GBS are usually weakness and tingling in the legs. These symptoms can increase in intensity until certain muscles cannot be used at all and, when severe, the person is almost totally paralyzed. GBS can be life-threatening if the respiratory muscles are affected or if the autonomic nervous system is involved.

Causes

The exact cause of GBS is unknown. However, it is often preceded by an infectious illness such as a respiratory infection or the stomach flu.

Diagnosis

GBS is diagnosed through a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and medical history. Additional tests such as a lumbar puncture or nerve conduction study may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no known cure for GBS. However, there are therapies that can lessen the severity of the illness and accelerate the recovery in most patients. These include plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy.

Prognosis

Most people with GBS recover fully, although some continue to have a degree of weakness. GBS can be fatal, especially without prompt treatment.

See also

• Neurological disorders
• Peripheral nerves
• Plasma exchange
• Immunoglobulin therapy