Fructan

Overview

Structural formula of inulin, a type of fructan.

Fructans are a group of naturally occurring carbohydrates composed of chains of fructose molecules. They are found in a variety of plants and serve as a storage form of energy. Fructans are classified based on the length of their fructose chains, with the most common types being inulin and oligofructose.

Structure

Fructans are polymers of fructose units, typically linked by _(2_1) glycosidic bonds. The degree of polymerization (DP) can vary, with inulin having a DP ranging from 2 to 60 or more. The structure of fructans can influence their solubility and digestibility.

Sources

Fructans are found in a wide range of plants, including wheat, onion, garlic, banana, and chicory. Inulin, a well-known fructan, is particularly abundant in chicory root and is often extracted for use as a dietary supplement and food ingredient.

Function

In plants, fructans serve as a reserve carbohydrate, providing energy during periods of low photosynthetic activity. They also play a role in osmoregulation, helping plants to tolerate drought and cold conditions.

Health Implications

Fructans are considered a type of dietary fiber and have been associated with various health benefits. They are prebiotics, meaning they promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, some individuals, particularly those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), may experience digestive discomfort when consuming high amounts of fructans.

Industrial Uses

Inulin and other fructans are used in the food industry as fat replacers, texture enhancers, and to improve the nutritional profile of products. They are also used in the production of low-calorie sweeteners.

Related pages

• Carbohydrate
• Dietary fiber
• Prebiotic (nutrition)
• Gut microbiome