Free Radicals
Free Radicals
Free Radicals (pronunciation: /fri: 'rædɪkəlz/) are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons on an open shell configuration. They are a product of normal cellular metabolism but can be increased in response to environmental factors such as radiation and pollution.
Etymology
The term "Free Radical" was first used in the early 20th century. The word "free" refers to the unpaired electron's freedom, and "radical" comes from the Latin "radix," meaning root, as the radical often goes to the root of the molecule and changes its properties.
Related Terms
- Oxidative Stress: A condition resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects.
- Antioxidants: Substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals.
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen, which are a type of free radical.
- Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS): Chemically reactive molecules containing nitrogen, which are a type of free radical.
Health Implications
Free radicals can cause damage to parts of cells such as proteins, DNA, and cell membranes by stealing their electrons through a process called Oxidation. This damage can lead to conditions such as aging, heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, free radicals also play a crucial role in cell signaling and homeostasis.
Prevention and Treatment
The body has a defense system of antioxidants that neutralizes free radicals' harmful effects. Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, can help boost this defense system. In addition, certain medications and treatments can help manage diseases caused by free radical damage.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Free Radicals
- Wikipedia's article - Free Radicals
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