Formic acid

Formic Acid

Formic Acid (pronunciation: /ˈfɔːrmɪk ˈæsɪd/), also known as methanoic acid, is a colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor. It is the simplest carboxylic acid and is naturally produced by ants, from which it derives its name. The term "formic" comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies.

Etymology

The word "formic" is derived from the Latin formica, meaning "ant". This is due to the early isolation of the acid by distillation of crushed ants. The chemical formula for formic acid is HCOOH.

Properties and Uses

Formic acid is a colorless liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents. It has a strong, pungent odor and is corrosive. In nature, it is most commonly found in the stings and bites of insects, notably ants and bees.

Formic acid is used in various industries as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed, a coagulant in the production of rubber, and a primary ingredient in the production of leather. In a laboratory setting, formic acid is often used as a source of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Health Effects

Exposure to formic acid can cause skin and eye irritation, and ingestion can lead to digestive tract issues. In severe cases, formic acid can lead to formic acid poisoning, a dangerous condition characterized by metabolic acidosis and optic neuropathy.

Related Terms

• Carboxylic acid
• Methanoic acid
• Hydrogen
• Carbon monoxide
• Metabolic acidosis
• Optic neuropathy

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Formic acid
• Wikipedia's article - Formic acid

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