Flavin adenine dinucleotide

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Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is important for their function.

Pronunciation

FAD is pronounced as /ˈflævɪn ˈædəˌniːn daɪˈnjuːkliːət/

Etymology

The term "Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide" is derived from Latin flavus meaning "yellow" due to the yellow color of the vitamin riboflavin, and adenine and dinucleotide are derived from the Greek adenos meaning "gland" and di meaning "two", and nucleotide which is a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group, respectively.

Definition

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) is a cofactor that is created from riboflavin (vitamin B2) and two molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is used in various metabolic processes, and in reactions important in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Function

FAD is a crucial component for various oxidative enzymes including glutathione reductase, xanthine oxidase, and several enzymes involved in the TCA cycle (also known as Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle). It is also involved in other important processes such as DNA repair, cell division, and other essential body functions.

Related Terms

  • Riboflavin: Also known as vitamin B2, it is used to create FAD.
  • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): A molecule used in the creation of FAD.
  • Cofactor: A non-protein chemical compound that is required for an enzyme's activity. FAD is a cofactor.
  • Glutathione Reductase: An enzyme that uses FAD to catalyze the reduction of glutathione.
  • Xanthine Oxidase: An enzyme that uses FAD to catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid.
  • TCA Cycle: A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy. FAD is a crucial component of this cycle.

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