Federal Communications Commission

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government created by statute (47 U.S.C. § 151 and 47 U.S.C. § 154) to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the media, public safety, and homeland security.

History

The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the Federal Radio Commission and was charged with regulating all non-federal government use of the radio spectrum (including radio and television broadcasting) and all interstate telecommunications (wire, satellite, and cable) as well as all international communications that originate or terminate in the United States.

Structure

The commission is directed by five commissioners appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. Each commissioner serves a five-year term, except when filling an unexpired term. The president designates one of the commissioners to serve as chairman. No more than three commissioners can be of the same political party, ensuring a degree of bipartisan representation.

Bureaus and Offices

The FCC is organized into various bureaus and offices, depending on the type of communications being addressed. The bureaus include:

• Wireline Competition Bureau (WCB)
• Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (WTB)
• International Bureau (IB)
• Media Bureau (MB)
• Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau (PSHSB)
• Enforcement Bureau (EB)
• Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau (CGB)

These bureaus and offices are responsible for developing and implementing regulatory programs, processing applications for licenses and other filings, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, and taking enforcement action when necessary.

Functions and Responsibilities

The FCC's responsibilities include:

• Promoting competition, innovation, and investment in broadband services and facilities
• Supporting the nation's economy by ensuring an appropriate competitive framework for the unfolding of the communications revolution
• Encouraging the highest and best use of spectrum domestically and internationally
• Revising media regulations so that new technologies flourish alongside diversity and localism
• Providing leadership in strengthening the defense of the nation's communications infrastructure

Controversies and Challenges

The FCC has faced various controversies and challenges over the years, including debates over net neutrality, media ownership rules, and the regulation of the internet. The commission's decisions often have significant implications for consumers, businesses, and the overall direction of the U.S. communications industry.

See Also

• Communications Act of 1934
• Telecommunications Act of 1996
• Net neutrality in the United States