Fat embolism syndrome

Fat Embolism Syndrome

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) (pronunciation: /fæt ɛmˈboʊlɪzəm ˈsɪndroʊm/) is a serious medical condition that can occur after bone fractures or major trauma. It is characterized by the presence of fat droplets in the bloodstream that can block blood vessels in the lungs, brain, and other organs.

Etymology

The term "fat embolism syndrome" is derived from the Latin embolus (meaning "stopper" or "plug") and the Greek syndromos (meaning "running together"). The term refers to the process where fat droplets (emboli) enter the bloodstream and travel together to various organs, causing a range of symptoms.

Symptoms

Symptoms of fat embolism syndrome can vary widely, but often include shortness of breath, confusion, chest pain, and petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin). In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, neurological impairment, and even death.

Causes

Fat embolism syndrome is most commonly caused by a long bone fracture, such as a fracture of the thigh bone (femur) or the upper arm bone (humerus). It can also occur after major trauma, orthopedic surgery, or liposuction. The exact mechanism by which fat droplets enter the bloodstream and cause symptoms is not fully understood.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome is typically based on clinical symptoms and a history of recent trauma or surgery. Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for fat embolism syndrome is primarily supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. This may include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and medications to reduce inflammation and prevent blood clots.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Fat embolism syndrome
Wikipedia's article - Fat embolism syndrome

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Fat embolism syndrome